Animal and plant cells have cell membranes.

动物和植物都具有膜。

Cell membranes allow for diffusion of certain molecules.

膜允许某些分子扩散。

Both plant cells and animal cells are surrounded by a cell membrane.

动植物都是被一层膜包裹。

Solubility is important because your cell membranes are made of lipids.

溶解性很重要，因为膜是由脂质组成。

Inside the cell membrane, cells have smaller parts called organelles.

在膜内，有着较小器。

The exchange of materials occurs between cells and their environment across the cell membrane.

物质交换膜发生在与其环境之间。

Repeated sickling of red blood cells damages their cell membranes and promotes premature destruction.

反复镰变会损伤红膜，使其早破坏。

The cell membrane is covered with tiny projections.

膜上覆盖著微小突起物。

Both of these are called diffusible because they're small enough to diffuse across cell membranes.

这两者都被称作可扩散钙，因为它们体积足够小，可膜完成扩散。

When it gets there, the bubble surrounding the antibody fuses to the cell membrane.

当抗体到达后，抗体周围气泡会融入膜。

The cell membrane pinches to separate the two sets of chromatids into two cells.

膜挤压将两组染色单体分离成两个。

But they also have another kind of complex protein on the outside of the cell membrane.

但在膜外，它们拥有另一种复杂蛋白质。

One portion of the molecule recognises a protein on the cell's membrane, and links to it.

响尾蛇蛋白分子一部分能识别膜，并依附其上。

Animal Cells A typical animal cell will include the nucleus, a cell membrane and a cell cytoplasm.

动物一个典型动物包括核、膜和质。

Now, calcium gets into the cell through two types of channels, or cell doors, within the cell membrane.

钙离子通在膜上两类通道，或者说是入口，进入。

These curious beasts, are cell fragments rather than complete cells -- though they are still surrounded by cell membranes.

这些不寻常“野兽”是碎片，而不是完整--尽管它们仍然被膜包裹着。

See, synthetic surfactants are really good at disrupting cell membranes: that thin layer that surrounds all living cells.

合成表面活性剂非常擅长破坏膜：包围所有活薄层。

Okay, so as a quick recap: the protein dystrophin is super important for stabilizing the muscle cell membrane.

抗肌萎缩蛋白对肌纤维稳定性维持极其重要。

So the first lecture was about cell membranes and stuff, so his question is, what are some roles of the cell membrane?

所第一节课是关于膜之类东西，所他问题是，膜一些作用是什么？

Now, certain catecholamines can shift potassium movement into cells via the beta-2-adrenergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors on cell membranes.

某些儿茶酚胺能通膜上beta-2-和alpha-肾上腺素能受体将钾移入。